| 1 | Select the Mold Steel by Production Volume | Pre-hardened steel is commonly around 28–36 HRC; hardened tool steel is often approximately 44–52 HRC. Corrosion-resistant stainless tool steels are used when moisture, abrasive materials, or corrosion-sensitive applications are involved. | Steel hardness and wear resistance influence cavity life, dimensional stability, polishing quality, and maintenance frequency. | Request the exact steel grade, hardness range, heat-treatment record, and expected shot-life target instead of accepting a generic “tool steel” description. |
| 2 | Define Critical Part Tolerances | A practical starting point for precision molded features is often ±0.01–0.03 mm, while ultra-small or optical features may require tighter, application-specific limits. | Micro parts magnify the effects of machining error, polymer shrinkage, flash, and process variation. | Separate critical dimensions from general dimensions on the drawing and specify measurement conditions, datum references, and temperature. |
| 3 | Verify Cavity and Core Alignment | High-precision mold components are commonly inspected with coordinate measuring machines, optical systems, or comparable equipment. Alignment targets should be linked to the part’s flash and concentricity requirements. | Even slight mismatch can create flash, uneven wall thickness, damaged shutoffs, or difficult ejection. | Ask for cavity-to-core alignment results, shutoff inspection records, and a dimensional report for critical mold features. |
| 4 | Control Surface Finish | Machined mold surfaces may be specified by roughness values such as Ra 0.8–1.6 µm, while fine polished surfaces can require approximately Ra 0.05–0.2 µm, depending on the application. | Surface finish affects release, optical appearance, friction, sealing, and replication of micro-textures. | Specify Ra or an approved comparator, polishing direction, texture depth, and the exact surfaces to be polished or textured. |
| 5 | Account for Polymer Shrinkage | Many thermoplastics exhibit molding shrinkage roughly within 0.2–2.0%, but the actual value depends on resin type, filler content, flow direction, packing, wall thickness, and mold temperature. | Incorrect shrinkage assumptions can cause systematic dimensional errors across every cavity. | Approve the resin datasheet, shrinkage assumptions, fiber orientation strategy, and the dimensional compensation method before steel cutting. |
| 6 | Evaluate the Gate and Runner Design | Micro gates and runners are normally designed through mold-flow analysis and trial validation rather than a universal size rule. Gate dimensions must match resin viscosity, part volume, wall thickness, and ejection requirements. | A poorly sized gate may cause short shots, excessive shear, sink marks, vestige defects, or difficult automatic separation. | Request the filling analysis, gate location rationale, vestige limit, and evidence that the selected design supports stable filling. |
| 7 | Check Cooling and Thermal Uniformity | Cooling-channel layout should maintain balanced heat removal around the cavity. The acceptable mold-temperature variation depends on the polymer and part geometry; it should be verified during mold trials. | Uneven cooling can produce warpage, cycle-time instability, weld-line variation, and inconsistent dimensions between cavities. | Review cooling-channel drawings, circuit balance, leak-test results, and cavity-temperature data from a production-representative trial. |
| 8 | Confirm Venting and Flash Control | Vent dimensions are resin- and geometry-dependent. Venting must evacuate air and gases without creating visible flash or damaging the parting surface. | Micro cavities fill rapidly, so trapped air can cause burns, incomplete filling, voids, and dimensional defects. | Define the maximum permitted flash, inspect vent locations, and include short-shot or air-trap validation in the trial plan. |
| 9 | Review Ejection and Part Handling | Ejector pins, lifters, air ejection, or robotic take-out must be sized and positioned to prevent deformation. Draft angles are geometry-dependent and may be near zero only on specially polished or textured features. | Small parts can deform or remain in the cavity if ejection force is uneven or the part sticks to a polished surface. | Request an ejection analysis, part-removal sequence, draft review, and evidence of stable automatic demolding during trials. |
| 10 | Require Traceable Inspection and Acceptance Data | A complete acceptance package commonly includes a dimensional report, material and heat-treatment certificates, trial records, approved samples, maintenance instructions, and a spare-parts list. | Traceability reduces cross-border quality disputes and makes future repair, replication, and process qualification more reliable. | Define inspection equipment, sampling plan, acceptance limits, report format, revision control, and ownership of the final mold data before purchase. |